Measuring Intratumoral Metabolic Heterogeneity by Positron Emission Tomography in Cervical Cancer

Measurement of intratumoral heterogeneity by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a valuable modality, which showed correlation to response of treatment and prognosis in various malignancies.

PET-based texture analysis for tumor heterogeneity is a potential predictive factor for cervical cancer and related to lymph node metastasis, tumor volume, response of treatment, and pelvic recurrence.

Although seemed promising in utility in oncology, a plenty of methods have been used for analysis of heterogeneity which led to confusion of definitions and comparing results challenging. Further larger sized prospective studies are needed for standardized heterogeneity descriptors and clinical applications.

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Childhood Cancer Care in Developing Countries; Challenge

Dealing with children who have cancer in developing countries is a great human experience not only for the patient and the family but also for persons who are caring them.

The diagnosis of a child as a cancer case is really a great shock to all family members and it is a moment of a dramatic change in their life. First reaction is usually a combination of sadness and denial.

They will start a new style of life with a plenty of investigations, appointments and different treatments decisions and plans. Different negative emotional reactions are the classic feelings of the parents every time they meet the treating physician.

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Childhood Cancer Care in Developing Countries; Challenge

Dealing with children who have cancer in developing countries is a great human experience not only for the patient and the family but also for persons who are caring them.

The diagnosis of a child as a cancer case is really a great shock to all family members and it is a moment of a dramatic change in their life. First reaction is usually a combination of sadness and denial.

They will start a new style of life with a plenty of investigations, appointments and different treatments decisions and plans. Different negative emotional reactions are the classic feelings of the parents every time they meet the treating physician.

Cervical cancer screening strategies

Starting from May 1, 2017 in Australia the National Cervical Screening Program will shift from cervical cytology every two years, to HPV DNA testing as the sole primary screening test every five years in women aged 25 to 74 years, together with the implementation of an active HPV vaccination program.

Conversely in Japan cervical screening using cytology every two years is still being recommended for population-based and opportunistic screening. While Canadian guidelines also recommend cervical screening with cytology every 3 years, in Europe cervical cytology is recommended for women under 30-35 years, and HPV testing as the sole primary screening test every 5-10 years for women above 30-35 years.

Actually, guidelines do not represent the real situation in each European country. In the Netherlands, screening is well organised and relies on primary HPV testing every 5 years until 40 years of age and every 10 years for women aged 40 and beyond: no screening is provided for women under 30, nor over 60 years of age.

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