Obvious
decreasing in cervical cancer mortality has been observed in countries with
organized cervical cancer screening programs. Liquid based cytology is a
technique that enables cells to be suspended in liquid medium and spread in
monolayer for better morphological assessment. It includes the preparation and
evaluation of cells collected in liquid fixative. It is being introduced to
improve the sensitivity of the Pap test. Liquid based preparations are
increasingly being used both for gynecologic and non-gynecologic cytology,
including fine needle aspirations . Two technologies, ThinPrep (Hologic,
Marlborough, MA, USA) and BD Sure Path (BD Diagnostics – TriPath, Burlington,
NC, USA) have been more widely used.
The advantages of liquid based cytology
include improved sensitivity and specificity since fixation is better and
nuclear details are well-preserved. Abnormal cells are not obscured or diluted
by other epithelial or inflammatory cells. There is, therefore, a lower rate of
unsatisfactory cervical cytology samples. The residual cell suspension can be
used to make further cytological preparations or used for other tests like
detection of human papillomavirus DNA. Other ancillary techniques like
immunocytochemistry can also be performed on the residual sample . The more
widely used technologies for liquid based cytology require expensive equipment.
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