Inhibitory Effects and Anti-Invasive Activities of Trehalose Liposomes on the Proliferation of Lung Carcinoma Cells

Inhibitory effects and anti-invasive activities of trehalose liposomes (DMTreC14) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and α-D-glycopyranosyl-α-D-glucopiranoside monomyristate (TreC14) on the proliferation of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cells were examined in vitro.

DMTreC14 with a hydrodynamic diameter less than 100 nm, were preserved for 4 weeks. The inhibitory effects of DMTreC14 on the proliferation of A549 cells accompanied with apoptosis were obtained.

Enhancement of the accumulation of DMTreC14 into A549 membranes was observed. An increase in cellular membrane fluidity of A549 cell treated with DMTreC14 was observed on the basis of fluorescence depolarization method.

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ATR-FTIR Assessment of the Biochemical Composition and Micro Hardness of the Hard Tissues of Oral Cavity Submitted to Gamma Irradiation

Clinical radiotherapy is one of the most important techniques for the treatment of malignant lesions in head and neck; however, exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to both systemic and local complications, immediately and after this treatment, where the main issue is the xerostomia and its consequent oral mucositis.

Regarding late complications produced by radiation, decay of radiation and osteoradionecrosis, both dosedependent lesions, showed a high level of incidence in recent decades and it would be difficult to manage, although patients referred after treatment’s completion and under the influence of local factors.

Then, this study evaluated the effect of ionizing radiation from gamma source onto samples of enamel, root dentin and jawbone samples undergone to the same absorbed dose/dose rate that those in patients with head and neck cancer.

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Management Of Unexpected Peritoneal Metastases With Primary Colorectal Cancer Using Second-Look Surgery With HIPEC

Peritoneal metastases (PM) will be unexpectedly present in approximately 10% of colorectal cancer patients having primary cancer resection. In the past this was considered to be an incurable condition with a terminal outcome.

In patients determined to have peritoneal dissemination at the time of resection, the intervention was considered palliative. Recently, long term benefit from definitive treatment of PM with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become a reality.

These treatments are now appropriate for primary appendiceal and colorectal cancer determined to have PM at the time of resection.

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The Molecule Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed worldwide, affecting approximately one in eight women during their lifetime. Strategies targeting the primary tumour have markedly improved, but systemic treatments to prevent metastasis are less effective.

Breast cancer frequently spreads to the skeleton and causes destructive osteolytic bone metastases. Breast cancers express chemokine receptors, integrins, cadherins, and bone-resorbing and bone-forming factors that contribute to the successful and preferential spread of tumor from breast to bone.

Once breast cancer cells arrest in bone, bone is a storehouse of a variety of cytokines and growth factors and thus provides an extremely fertile environment for the cells to grow.

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Comparison of TomoTherapy and RapidArc in Hippocampus Sparing Brain Radiotherapy in Pediatrics

Both TomoTherapy and RapidArc have been examined in hippocampus sparing whole brain irradiation in adults. We aim to compare both techniques in pediatrics with relatively smaller brain volume.

Patients and Methods: The hippocampus, the whole brain and the eyes were manually contoured in 3 pediatric patients. TomoTherapy plan was created aiming at adequate brain coverage and as low as possible hippocampus dose, RapidArc was challenged to achieve similar or better plan results.

The prescription dose was 36 Gy in 20 treatment fractions to the whole brain. Results: TomoTherapy was able to achieve a mean hippocampus dose of 13.6 Gy with brain homogeneity index [HI] of 0.14 Using RapidArc [single arc], the same hippocampus dose was not achievable without compromising the brain HI significantly.

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FG-3019, A Human Monoclonal Antibody to Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Combined with Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and facilitates local desmoplasia, tumor progression and metastasis in animal models.

This study evaluated safety and initial efficacy of the anti-CTGF antibody FG-3019 in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with previously untreated Stage III or Stage IV PDAC.

Eight escalating FG-3019 doses/regimens ranging from 3 to 45 mg/kg Q2W and 17.5 and 22.5 mg/kg QW were evaluated. Toxicity, tumor response by CA19.9 and CT scan RECIST criteria, progression-free and overall survival were assessed.

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The Mechanism of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gynecologic Cancer

The effect of immunotherapy in cancer therapeutics has been identified beforehand via the induction of infection on tumour regression. Coley showed that streptococcus inoculation resulted in the shrinkage of soft-tissue tumors, such as sarcomas. However, results were not verified towards research progress.

Paul Ehrlich presented of increased significance that the augmented immune response attacks tumor cells, while tumor cells deceive the immune system promoting tumor growth.

For example, interferon- α and interleukin-2, have been administrated in advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Evidence of durable responses in a small proportion of treated patients there exists, suggesting the potential for long-term use with view to survival.

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Comparison of 3DVH Software with Two-dimensional Array Systems on Pretreatment Verification for Volumetric-modulated Arc Therapy

The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparison of 3DVH software and two-dimensional array systems (MatriXX, ArcCHECK, and portal dosimetry system) on pretreatment verification for volumetricmodulated arc therapy.

Dosimetric measurements were performed using the verification for 20 treatment plans. Measured dosimetric differences were evaluated by gamma pass rate and percentage dose difference. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) calculated by the treatment planning system were also compared with those predicted by the 3DVH software.

The mean gamma pass rates were more than 95% for the 3%/3 mm criterion, except for 3D evaluation using the 3DVH (3DVH (3D)) software in prostate cancer cases.

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Should Centralized Histopathological Review in Prostate Cancer be the Gold Standard?

To assess the potential impact of centralized histopathological review on prostate cancer management. Methods: 1) Biopsy slides of 277 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer between January 2010 and March 2014 from 22 centers were referred to our tertiary referral center for centralized histopathological review.

The biopsy Gleason score and D’Amico prognostic risk group were compared between those of the referring pathologists and those after assessment by a centralized histopathological review committee consisting of two specialized uro-pathologists.

Alterations in biopsy Gleason score and D’Amico prognostic risk group between referring pathologists and centralized histopathological committee were subdivided into treatment changes (i.e., lymph-node dissection, nerve sparing surgery, or active surveillance) and diagnostic changes (bone scintigraphy).

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