Friday, 9 September 2016

Epidemiology of Thyroglossal Duct Cysts in an Eastern Caribbean Nation

Cystic lesions of the neck include branchial cleft cysts, thyroglossal duct cysts, lymphangioma, dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, infections/inflammatory masses, cystic lesions of the thyroid, thymic cysts, laryngoceles, ranulas, cystic lesions of salivary glands, cystic metastatic lymph nodes, neurogenic tumours, rare vascular lesions and cervical bronchogenic cysts. The thyroglossal duct cyst accounts for 70% of all congenital neck masses.

The thyroid gland descends from the base of the tongue at the level of the foramen caecum into the anterior neck through the thyroglossal duct. This duct usually undergoes involution but in seven percent of patients it remains patent. The ducts have an epithelial lining which - in the presence of infection or inflammation produces excess secretions that cause ductal dilatation and cyst formation. The patient may seek medical attention for cosmetic concerns regarding an asymptomatic cyst or when the cyst becomes symptomatic.


In this small case series, the statistics reported in the age groups less than fifty years compared favorably to international statistics. Ahura et al. and Fischer et al. also reported a greater percentage of patients over fifty years that developed cysts. No particular reason was found to account for this.

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